![]() This seeming double standard revealed how the embargo maintained British commercial interests at America’s expense. Adding to the American’s outrage was that the British maintained trade with French merchants under special licences. ![]() In further violation of American maritime trading rights, the British prohibited American vessels from trading with France as part of an embargo to thwart Napoleon Bonaparte’s tightening grip on Europe. This action was deemed unjust and disruptive to American trade, and led to violent confrontations such as the Chesapeake-Leopard affair in 1807. Among the leading issues was the impressment of thousands of American seamen by the British Royal Navy. Accompanying his request, Madison issued a war message outlining why he and his political supporters, known as the War Hawks, believed that war was necessary. On June 1, 1812, American President James Madison requested authorization from the United States Congress to declare war on the United Kingdom. It states that private property was to be respected, although that wasn’t abided by. This first draft, signed by Lt.-Colonel William Chewett, agrees to surrender the town, turn over all public ordinance stores to the Americans and to surrender troops and seamen as prisoners of war. Photo: Terms of capitulation of the Town of York, 27 April, 1813, 1st draft. ![]() This print is estimated to be from 1813, when the British recaptured Fort George from the Americans. Hand-coloured print of the military training camp at Fort George by artist Edward Walsh. This painting, depicting General Brock’s death at the Battle of Queenston Heights, has become an iconic Canadian image of the War of 1812.
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